Formaldehyde 甲醛

CAS 50-00-0 MFCD00003274

化学结构图

50-00-0
SMILES: C=O

化学属性

Mol. FormulaCH2O
Mol. Weight30
Refractive indexn20/D 1.3765
Density1.083
Flash Point83°C(lit.)
TSCAYes
Melting Point-15
Boiling Point97
Vapor Density1.03 (vs air)
Autoignition Point572 °F
Vapor Pressure52 mmHg ( 37 °C)
Solubility可溶
Appearance solution
Stability对光敏感
Danger-Level乙类
pH:A

别名和识别编码

Chemical NameFormaldehyde
Synonym Aldehyd mravenci Aldehyde formique Aldeide formica FOR FORMALDEHYDI FORMALIN NEUTRAL BUFFER FORMALIN NEUTRAL SODI FORMALIN, NEUTRAL BUFFERED Fannoform Formaldehyd < 0.2% Formaldehyde Formaldehyde, gas Formaldehydlösung 30% Formaldehydlösung 35-37% Formalin Formalin,Formol Formaline Formalith Formol Fyde Karsan Lysoform Methanal Methyl aldehyde Oxomethane Oxymethylene Superlysoform formaldehyde formaldehyde 0.2 - 1% 十八碳烯-9-酸 抛光膏(红色) 甲醛 溶液 福尔马林 顺式十八碳-9-
CAS Number50-00-0
PubChem Substance ID712
Beilstein Registry Number1209228
MDL NumberMFCD00003274
EC Number200-001-8
Merck Number4235
Chemical Name Translation甲醛
Reaxys-RN1209228
InChIKeyBDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Wiswesser Line NotationVHH
LabNetwork Molecule IDLN00194114
InChIInChI=1S/CH2O/c1-2/h1H2
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分类

  • {SNA} Core Bioreagents, General Reagents, Life Science Reagents for DNA/RNA Electrophoresis, Life Science Reagents for Northern and Southern Blotting, Life Science Reagents for Protein Electrophoresis, Life Science Reagents for RNAi, Research Essentials, Solvents
  • {SNA} Cell Biology, Fixatives, Hematology and Histology, Tissue Processing
  • {Chemicalbook} 食品添加剂: 食用香料(增香剂): 天然等同香料和人造香料
  • {SNA} Apoptosis Reagents, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle, Other Apoptosis Related Reagents, 细胞信号转导和神经科学, 细胞生物学
  • {SNA} Alphabetical Index of Analytical
  • {Chemicalbook} 食品添加剂: 食品加工助剂: 消泡剂
  • {SNA} Core Bioreagents, Fixatives, Life Science Reagents for Immunohistochemi
  • {SNA} Core Bioreagents, Fixatives, Life Science Reagents for Immunohistochemistry (IHC),
  • {SNA} Fixatives,
  • {SNA} Aldehydes,

产品应用

  • 标准溶液用于ICP-AES、AAS、AFS、ICP-MS、离子色谱等。滴定分析用标准溶液。校准仪器和装置;评价方法;工作标准;质量保证/质量控制。

相关文献及参考

  • Short: II/19b
  • Numerous examples of the use of aqueous formaldehyde are to be found in Organic Syntheses. See also Paraformaldehyde, A11313, and 1,3,5-Trioxane, A15639.
  • Merck: 14,4235 Beilstein: 1,IV,3017
  • Merck: 14,4235
  • Short: II/14a

安全信息

GHS Symbol
WGK Germany3
Hazard Codes 3 T
Hazard statements
  • H227 Combustible liquid 可燃液体
  • H228 Flammable solid 易燃固体
  • H301 Toxic if swallowed 吞食有毒
  • H301+H311+H331
  • H302 Harmful if swallowed 吞食有害
  • H311 Toxic in contact with skin 皮肤接触中毒
  • H312 Harmful in contact with skin 皮肤接触有害
  • H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage 导致严重的皮肤灼伤和眼睛损伤
  • H315 Causes skin irritation 会刺激皮肤
  • H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction 可能导致皮肤过敏
  • H318 Causes serious eye damage 严重伤害眼睛
  • H319 Causes serious eye irritation 严重刺激眼睛
  • H330 Fatal if inhaled 吸入致命
  • H331 Toxic if inhaled 吸入中毒
  • H332 Harmful if inhaled 吸入有害
  • H334 May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled 吸入可能导致过敏或哮喘症状或呼吸困难
  • H335 May cause respiratory irritation 可能导致呼吸道刺激
  • H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects 怀疑导致遗传性缺陷
  • H350 May cause cancer 可能致癌
  • H351 Suspected of causing cancer 怀疑致癌
  • H370 Causes damage to organs 导致器官损伤
Precautionary statements
  • P201 Obtain special instructions before use. 使用前获取专门指示。
  • P202 Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. 已阅读并理解所有的安全预防措施之前,切勿操作。
  • P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. 远离热源/火花/明火/热的表面。——禁止吸烟。
  • P240 Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. 与地面接触/连接集装箱和接受设备。
  • P241 Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment. 使用防爆电气/通风/照明/ .../设备。
  • P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 不要吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
  • P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 避免吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
  • P264 Wash hands thoroughly after handling. 处理后要彻底洗净双手。
  • P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. 使用本产品时不要吃东西,喝水或吸烟。
  • P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.? 只能在室外或通风良好的地方使用。
  • P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. 污染的工作服不得带出工作场所。
  • P273 Avoid release to the environment. 避免释放到环境中。
  • P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 戴防护手套/防护服/眼睛的保护物/面部保护物。
  • P281 Use personal protective equipment as required. 使用所需的个人防护装备。
  • P284 Wear respiratory protection.? 佩戴呼吸保护装置。
  • P285 In case of inadequate ventilation wear respiratory protection. 在通风不足的情况下,戴呼吸防护。
  • P301+P310
  • P301+P310+P330
  • P301+P312
  • P301+P330+P331
  • P302+P352
  • P303+P361+P353
  • P304+P312
  • P304+P340
  • P304+P340+P310
  • P304+P341
  • P305+P351+P338
  • P307+P311
  • P308+P311
  • P308+P313
  • P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. 立即呼救解毒中心或医生/医师。
  • P311 Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. 呼叫解毒中心或医生/医师。
  • P312 Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. 如果你感觉不适,呼叫解毒中心或医生/医师。
  • P314 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. 获取医疗咨询/就医,如果你觉得不舒服
  • P320 Specific treatment is urgent (see … on this label). 紧急具体治疗(见本标签上的)。
  • P321 Specific treatment (see … on this label). 具体治疗(见本标签上的)。
  • P322 Specific measures (see …on this label). 具体治疗(见本标签上的)。
  • P330 Rinse mouth. 漱口
  • P332+P313
  • P333+P313
  • P337+P313
  • P342+P311
  • P361 Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 立即去除/脱掉所有被污染的衣服。
  • P362 Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. 脱掉污染的衣服,清洗后方可重新使用
  • P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. 被污染的衣服洗净后方可重新使用。
  • P370+P378
  • P377 Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely. 漏气着火:切勿灭火,除非漏气能够被安全地制止。
  • P381 Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so. 如果安全的话,消除所有点火源。
  • P403 Store in a well-ventilated place. 储存在通风良好的地方。
  • P403+P233
  • P403+P235
  • P405 Store locked up. 上锁保管。
  • P410+P403
  • P501 Dispose of contents/container to..… 处理内容物/容器.....
Signal word Danger
Personal Protective Equipment Faceshields, full-face respirator (US), Gloves, Goggles, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US), type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
Safety Statements
  • S16 Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking 远离火源,禁止吸烟;
  • S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice 眼睛接触后,立即用大量水冲洗并征求医生意见;
  • S36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection 穿戴适当的防护服、手套和眼睛/面保护;
  • S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible) 发生事故时或感觉不适时,立即求医(可能时出示标签);
  • S51 Use only in well-ventilated areas 仅在通风良好的场所使用;
Risk Statements
  • R10 Flammable 易燃
  • R23/24/25 Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 吸入,皮肤接触及吞食都有毒
  • R34 Causes burns 会导致灼伤
  • R39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects 有非常严重的不可挽回的作用的危险
  • R39/23/24/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 毒性:吸入,皮肤接触和吞食都会产生十分严重的不可逆危险
  • R40 Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect 有限证据表明其致癌作用
  • R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact 皮肤接触会产生过敏反应
RTECSLP8925000
UN Number 1198 1198/2209 2209
Packing GroupIII
Hazard Class8
Storage condition 2-8°C 密封避光在16℃以上的温处保存。低温处不宜久贮。
Warnings 危化品目录(2015)
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 1170 mg/kg/65W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
   GANNA2 Gann.  Japanese Journal of Cancer Research.  (Tokyo, Japan)  V.1-75,
   1907-84.  For publisher information, see JJCR

TYPE OF TEST            : TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 6 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors
REFERENCE :
   EVSRBT Environmental Science Research.  (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St.,
   New York, NY 10013) V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,353,1982

TYPE OF TEST            : TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 15 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors
REFERENCE :
   CIIT** Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Docket Reports. (POB
   12137, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709)  Volume(issue)/page/year: D

{

TYPE OF TEST            : TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 15 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors
REFERENCE :
   CIIT** Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Docket Reports. (POB
   12137, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709)  Volume(issue)/page/year: DOCKET
   #10992,1982

TYP

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 42 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
   Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
   Behavioral - excitement
REFERENCE :
   NTIS** National Technical Information Service.  (Springfield, VA 22161)
   Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: AD-A125-539

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION           : 643 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory obstruction
   Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach
   Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
REFERENCE :
   JJTOEX Japanese Journal of Toxicology. (Yakugyo Jihosha, Hokushin Bldg.,
   2-36 Jin

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION           : 646 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Gastrointestinal - gastritis
   Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach
   Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
REFERENCE :
   JJTOEX Japanese Journal of Toxicology. (Yakugyo Jihosha, Hokushin Bldg.,
   2-36 Jinbo-cho, Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101, Japan)  V.1-   1988-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,261,1991

TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human
DOSE/DURATION           : 17 mg/m3/30M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation
   Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
   JAMAAP JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association.  (AMA, 535 N.
   Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610)  V.1-

TYPE OF TEST            : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION           : 125 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 356,85,1996

TYPE OF TEST            : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM             : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION           : 7 pph/24H
REFERENCE :
   THAGA6 Theoretical & Applied Genetics.  (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.,
   Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094)  V.38-    1968-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,330,1969

TYPE OF TEST            : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 5 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 156,153,1985

TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 300 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 203,81,1988

TYPE OF TEST            : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 1950 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
   Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK)  V.1-    1980-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,189,1981

{

TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Microorganism - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION           : 1 pph/5M (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
   MMAPAP Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata.  (The Hag

TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 1 mg/m3/24H
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including
   somatic cell genetic material)
REFERENCE :
   HYSAAV Hygiene and Sanitation (USSR).  English translation of GISAAA.
   (Springfield, VA)  1964-71. Discontinued.  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   34(5),266,1969

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 168 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 46243 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : male 20 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
REFERENCE :
   ENDOAO Endocrinology (Baltimor

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intratesticular
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - domestic
DOSE                    : 6667 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION            : male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material,
   sperm morphology, motility, and count)
   Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
REFERENCE :
   IJEBA6 Indian Journal of Experimental Biology.  (Publications & Information
   Directorate, CSIR, Hillside Rd., New Delhi 110 012, India)  V.1-    1963-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,143,1973

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest

Restrict 危险品

其他信息

  • 防护措施:有毒,吸入甲醛蒸气会引起恶心、鼻炎、支气管炎和结膜炎等,当误服甲醛液时,应立即用水洗胃,再服用3%碳酸铵或15%醋酸铵100ml。甲醛接触皮肤,会引起灼伤,应用大量水冲洗,再用肥皂水或3%碳酸氢铵溶液洗涤。操作现场采用敞开式厂房,自然通风。空气中最大容许浓度0.00001。操作人员应穿戴防护用具。
  • 所属类别三:饲料添加剂: 饲料贮存添加剂
  • 急性毒性:口服-大鼠 LD50: 100 毫克/公斤; 口服-小鼠 LD50: 42 毫克/公斤
  • 所属类别一:皮革化学品: 甲醛
  • 所属类别二:农药中间体: 杀菌剂中间体: 脂肪族类杀菌剂
  • 用途六:用于鞣制毛皮,固定酪素涂饰剂,原料皮仓库的消毒。应储存于通风、干燥的库房内,容器应密封,不宜过冷或过热,以25℃为宜,防止日光曝晒,不宜久蒧。使用时应戴口罩、眼镜、手套等防护用具。
  • 用途九:甲醛是甲醇最重要的衍生产品之一,占甲醇消费量的40%,消费构成为:脲醛树脂46%,酚醛树脂9%,季戊四醇8%,三聚氰胺树脂6%,聚甲醛6%,1,4-丁二醇5%,三羟基丙烷3%,乌洛托品3%,MDI2%,基他12%。我国甲醛主要用于生产脲醛树脂,酚醛树脂,季戊四醇和乌洛托品等,并应用于轻工,纺织,医药机电,化工,建材以及油田开发,木材加工等部门,其中化工用量约占一半。除上述主要用途以外,甲醛本身作为精细化学品的用途以及作为精细化学品原料,应用十分广泛。甲醛是一种消毒防腐剂,对昆早和细菌有很强的杀伤作用,除了用于消毒外,农业上也用福尔马林浸麦种来防治黑穗病,用甲醛的聚合物——多聚甲醛来作仓库的熏蒸剂。甲醛-醇溶液可用于许多特殊用途,特别是在某些树脂制造中,可以省去从树脂中脱水的步骤。甲醛通过甲基化,氯甲基化氰甲基化,羟甲基化,环合,缩合等操作可以农药,医药,染料,香料,纺织整理剂,螯合剂,粘合剂等等精细化学品的生产提供很多中间体,例如,2-甲基吡啶与甲醛反应可得到2-羟乙基吡啶,
  • 吸收甲醛植物:吊兰、虎皮兰、绿萝、常春藤、芦荟、鸭脚木、红掌、富贵竹、发财树、元宝树。 吊兰 养殖容易,适应性强,最为传统的居室垂挂植物之一。它叶片细长柔软,从叶腋中抽生出小植株,由盆沿向 下垂,舒展散垂,似花朵,四季常绿。 可吸收室内80%以上的有害气体,吸收甲醛的能力超强。一般房间养l~2盆吊兰,空气中有毒气体即可吸收殆尽,故吊兰 又有“绿色净化器”之美称。 绿萝 是天南星科喜林芋属植物,属于攀藤观叶花卉。性喜温暖、潮湿环境,藤长可达数米,节间有气根,叶片会 越长越大,叶互生,常绿。萝茎细软,叶片娇秀。 这种植物是很好的吸收甲醛的好手,而且具有很高观赏价值,蔓茎自 然下垂,既能净化空气,又能充分利用了空间,为呆板的柜面增加活泼的线条、明快的色彩。
  • 类别:腐蚀物品
  • 其他用途:分析测定铵盐和氨基酸,显微分析中各种制剂的固定剂,消毒剂,杀菌剂,还原剂。用于ICP-AES、AAS、AFS、ICP-MS、离子色谱等。滴定分析用标准溶液。校准仪器和装置;评价方法;工作标准;质量保证/质量控制;其他。
  • 用途十:分析测定铵盐和氨基酸,显微分析中各种制剂的固定剂,消毒剂,杀菌剂,还原剂。
  • 方法五:1.甲醇氧化法甲醇、空气和水在600-700℃通过浮石银催化剂或其他固体催化剂,如铜、五氧化二钒等(以银法及铜法占优势),直接氧化生成甲醛,用水吸收成甲醛液。收率以甲醇计为85%-90%。2.天然气直接氧化法原料天然气(或煤矿瓦斯气)与空气混合后,于600-680℃下在铁、钼等的氧化物催化剂作用下,一步氧化得到甲醛。用水吸收得到30%左右的甲醛液产品。3.甲缩醛氧化法其制备过程包括甲缩醛的合成、甲缩醛氧化和高浓度甲醛的吸收与处理。4.二甲醚氧化法系采用合成气高压法合成甲醇副产的二甲醚为原料,以金属氧化物为催化剂氧化而成。5.甲醇脱氢法甲醇直接脱氢可得到无水甲醛,同时副产氢气。该工艺是极具吸引力的甲醛制备方法。其进展关键在于过程催化剂性能的提高。
  • 下游产品:固色剂M --> 二乙烯三胺五醋
  • 蒸气压:52 mm Hg ( 37 °C)
  • 用途五:水溶液为消毒防腐剂
  • FEMA:2815
  • 具有强烈的刺激性、窒息

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